Migrain Index

1) Introduction to Media: 10 questions
2) Media consumption audit
3) Language: Reading an image - advert analyses
4) Reception theory
5) Semiotics: icons, indexes and symbols
6) Genre: Factsheets and genre study questions
7) Narrative: Factsheet questions
8) Audience: classification - psychographics presentation notes
9) October assessment learner response
10) Audience theory 1 - Hypodermic needle/Two-step flow/U&G
11) Audience theory 2 - Bandura and Cohen - moral panic
12) Audience theory: Media Effects factsheet
13) Industries: Ownership and Control
14) Industries: Hesmondhalgh - The Cultural Industries
15) Industries: Public Service Broadcasting
16) Industries: Regulation

17)Industries: Brand Values and Lines of Appeal
18) Representation: Introduction - Taken trailer analysis
19) Representation: Theory - MM article and application of theory
20) Representation: Feminism - Everyday Sexism & Fourth Wave MM article 
21) Representation: Feminist theory
22) January assessment learner response
23) Representing ourselves: Identity in the online age - MM article & Factsheet
24) Ideology: BBC Question Time analysis and binary opposition
25) Ideology: MM reading on ideology and the wider media

The cultural industries

1) What does the term 'Cultural Industries' actually refer to?

The term ‘cultural industry’ refers to the creation, production, and distribution of products of a cultural or artistic nature.

2) What does Hesmondhalgh identify regarding the societies in which the cultural industries are highly profitable?

In the societies where the cultural industries tend to be highly profitable they are with large companies and there political allies which help them to make a lot of money.

3) Why do some media products offer ideologies that challenge capitalism or inequalities in society?

Nowadays there is a lot of competition therefore business have to come up with a good original idea that will help them to gain all the customers and beat their competitors and rise to the top.


4) Look at page 2 of the factsheet. What are the problems that Hesmondhalgh identifies with regards to the cultural industries?

Some problems that Hesmondhalgh identifies are having a risky business and also high production costs/ low reproduction costs.

5) Why are so many cultural industries a 'risky business' for the companies involved?

The main reason that they are a risky business for companies involved is because the product that they create is not always going to be successful and sometimes it could lead them to not help because no business wants to be involved in a loss and sometimes it could lead to bad media.

6) What is your opinion on the creativity v commerce debate? Should the media be all about profit or are media products a form of artistic expression that play an important role in society?

I believe personally that media should be about a form of artistic expression that play an important role in society because films are a very important to people and play an important role and without them nothing would be the same. 

7) How do cultural industry companies minimise their risks and maximise their profits? (Clue: your work on Industries - Ownership and control will help here) 

There are many ways that they minimise risks but three of those ways are conglomerate ownership, diversification and integration.

8) Do you agree that the way the cultural industries operate reflects the inequalities and injustices of wider society? Should the content creators, the creative minds behind media products, be better rewarded for their work?

Yes I agree that they should be awarded more for their work and more for what they put forward because without them a lot of things would be different and probably wouldn't do as well.

9) Listen and read the transcript to the opening 9 minutes of the Freakonomics podcast - No Hollywood Ending for the Visual-Effects Industry. Why has the visual effects industry suffered despite the huge budgets for most Hollywood movies?

As time goes on film makers get use to making more better affects and start to use them more in their movies to make certain scenes more realistic and you will see this being used a lot more 


10) What is commodification? 

Commodification is the action or process of treating someone with goods and services.

11) Do you agree with the argument that while there are a huge number of media texts created, they fail to reflect the diversity of people or opinion in wider society?

Yes I agree because not all them are able to reach out to people the way that they want to and give the message that they want to give and sometimes they may end up giving a negative view instead of a positive one that they are trying to give and this needs to change because people will start judging each other based on what they see and hear.

12) How does Hesmondhalgh suggest the cultural industries have changed? Identify the three most significant developments and explain why you think they are the most important.

Digitalisation because over the year peoples phones and computers have been able to access a lot of different things and reach out further than they were before, for example amazon prime are a big name and although there is only one official website/ app for amazon prime but there are millions of people watching it.

Formation of IT it over the years has become more and more advanced meaning that it is easier for companies such as apple to bring out new iPhone and new products because their technology is improving every year therefore whenever they release a new product it is guaranteed to be better than the previous one. 

Regulation

1) What is regulation and why do media industries need to be regulated? 

Regulation are used to provide rules and ensure that organisations are very fair with everything that happens.

2) What is OFCOM responsible for?

OFCOM are Office of Communication (OFCOM) are responsible regulating television,radio and others they make sure that there are licenses for TV as it is illegal to broadcast without a license  

3) Look at the section on the OFCOM broadcasting code. Which do you think are the three most important sections of the broadcasting code and why?

These are all the sections on the OFCOM broadcasting code-

Section 1: Protecting the Under-Eighteens: I think this is the most important because we must be careful with what is shown because if the are shown the wrong things at a young age it would have a big affect on them and also their parents would be very mad if something .


Section 2: Harm and Offence- If harm and offensive isn't regulated probably it can be threatening to people who are watching therefore it should be regulated carefully.


Section 3: Crime- Crime needs to be very closely regulated as well because if shown to the wrong audience it can give them ideas or it can influence them to do wrong especially if they are younger and dont really understand.


4) Do you agree with OFCOM that Channel 4 was wrong to broadcast 'Wolverine' at 6.55pm on a Sunday evening? Why?


The fact that it was before the watershed means that a lot young children would be watching channel four meaning that they would've seen violence and possibly heard swearing. This could influence them in many ways therefore it is best if it didn't happen and they just avoided it. 

5) List five of the sections in the old Press Complaints Commission's Code of Practice. 

Section 1: Accuracy
Section 2: Opportunity to Reply
Section 3: Privacy
Section 4: Harassment

6) Why was the Press Complaints Commission criticised?

The PCC was criticised and closed down on Monday the 8th September 2014 because they didn't really have that much power or control and were criticised a lot Critics also argue that many newspapers seem to ignore the rules on a pretty regular basis and that very little is done to stop them.

7) What was the Leveson enquiry and why was it set up?

The Leveson inquiry was a judicial public inquiry into the culture, It was established in the wake of the phone-hacking scandal at the now-defunct News of the World tabloid.

8) What was the PCC replaced with in 2014?

The PCC was replaced with IPSO in 2014. 

9) What is your opinion on press regulation? Is a free press an important part of living in a democracy or should newspapers face statutory regulation like TV and radio?

Yes i believe that newspapers should face statuary regulation like TV and radio because they have a lot more free will than Tv and radio therefore they are allowed to get away with a lot more than anything else however at the same time many kids do not read the newspaper only elder people do but i still feel like they should be regulate just incase.

10) Why is the internet so difficult to regulate?

Becasue there are a lot of things that people cant control on the internet.

Ownership and control ( need to write notes, notepad was left in lesson)

1) Type up your research notes from the lesson - what did you find out about your allocated media conglomerate? Selection of companies: Alphabet, The Walt Disney Company, Comcast, 21st Century 

2) Do you agree that governments should prevent media conglomerates from becoming too dominant? Write an argument that looks at both sides of this debate.

I believe that media should be prevented from becoming too dominant because if they become really dominant it could have a negative affect on the younger generation meaning that it could be damaging and could mislead them 

4) What are the different funding models for media institutions?

Promotion side will try their hardest to sell the movie there are many different ways to do this for example they can have their actors go on TV and talk about the movie, they can post their trailer on you tube or they could introduce Snapchat filter. 

5) The article gives a lot of examples of major media brands and companies. Choose three examples from the article and summarise what the writer is saying about each of them. 

The article speaks about Marvel, marvel is well known because of the superhero movies that they release each year the first movie to kick of the franchise was Iron man. It is important that marvel movies spread the right message because a lot of their movies are watched by a younger viewers. Marvel has mainstream values such as Personal responsibility. Disney is very family friendly and is mainly based towards a younger generation they have built up their reputation by selling a lot of merchandise and of course because of their movies which then lead to them opening up a park. Spotify got its popularity from people being able to download their favourite songs easily and listen wherever they are.

6) What examples are provided of the new business models media companies have had to adopt due to changes in technology and distribution?

Cinemas are using 3D technology in their moves to increase income and it is working also the music industry are improving through adverts.

7) Re-read the section on 'The Future'. What examples are discussed of technology companies becoming major media institutions?

Many companies that would only stream famous movies are now making their own movies for example Netflix have many of their series such as Riverdale which was a huge success and made a lot of money and is currently on its 3rd season or their are different examples such as Punisher and daredevil.

8) Do you agree with the view that traditional media institutions are struggling to survive?

I do agree that traditional media institutions are struggling to survive because they're are many new traditions that are just taking over in a way and it hard for people to stick to traditional ways, for example it like when apple release a new phone nobody wants the old one everyone tries and get the newest one out.

9) How might diversification or vertical integration help companies to survive and thrive in a rapidly changing media landscape? 

It will help the business get more recognition and help them to stay up to date with their customers, also it will help them to stay one step ahead of their competitors for example Disney could add a new ride to their park which will help them stay ahead of their customers such as Pixar.

10) How do YOU see the relationship between audience and institution in the future? Will audiences gain increasing power or will the major global media conglomerates maintain their control?

I feel as if the audience will gain the power because in the end without the audience nothing would be possible meaning that if there is no audience no money will be made which mean that in total evrythig for the cinema and movies would collapse.

Brand Values

Apple

The apple brand is very cleverly designed, the logo is an apple with a bite in it. This could tell the audience that apple is good for their customers as apples are healthy even though this is not the approach people look at when they first see apple it could definitely be understood. Apple could fit into several of Dyer’s lines of appeal: For examples a lot of their customers are really happy with the phones that apple releases every year, It also shows wealth and success because the phone is expensive and if you can afford it it shows that you are a hard working person.

Apple helps the hardworking and wealthy community stand out .

Expensive

Nike

The Nike brand represents a lot of the youth in the world as it is targeted more at the younger generation and/ or athletes or anything to do with sports. The way that Nike fits into Dyers lines of appeal is probably for successful careers and self-importance and pride. The reason that i believe it fits into successful careers is because there are many famous footballers and many famous athletes that are sponsored by Nike meaning they wear their clothes and help them get attracted ore so they can make more sales.

Nike helps the Talented youths to be inspired by their role models

Talent

Gucci

Gucci's brand represents the more wealthy side of the picture this is because their items are very very expensive for example their belts cost £180 or their bags can reach up to £1000. Gucci would fit into rich luxurious lifestyles this is because Gucci is very expensive and most likely wealthy people would shop from there or wear their clothes. It also fits into pride and self importance because if you wear Gucci it tells people that you care about what you wear and about how you look.